{"id":10966,"date":"2023-10-09T16:56:28","date_gmt":"2023-10-09T08:56:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crts.edu\/?p=10966"},"modified":"2023-10-13T17:58:37","modified_gmt":"2023-10-13T09:58:37","slug":"2023summerthemarticle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crts.edu\/en\/2023summerthemarticle\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5f9e\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u8981\u7406\u554f\u7b54\u770b\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/crts.edu\/mockupheidelberger\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"717\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/crts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mockupHeidelberger.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/crts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mockupHeidelberger.png 717w, https:\/\/crts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mockupHeidelberger-210x300.png 210w, https:\/\/crts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mockupHeidelberger-8x12.png 8w, 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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u8c50\u76db\u7684\u53d7\u818f\u8005 \uff0831\u554f\uff09<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8a6e\u91cb\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\u4e2d\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u300d\u6642\u6703\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8981\u898b\u8b49\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7121\u8ad6\u90a3\u4e00\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u672c\u65bc\u9019\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5c31\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a5\u7d0d\u5728\u6559\u6703\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8a6e\u91cb\u4fe1\u7d93\u6642\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u958b\u5834\uff0c\u9ad8\u8209\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u4fe1\u7d93\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u2014\u53d7\u818f\u8005\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u8077\u4efd\u548c\u529f\u7528\u6642\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u5ba3\u63da\u9019\u7a31\u865f\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u66fe\u7d93\u4e00\u91dd\u898b\u8840\u7684\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u82e5\u53ea\u77e5\u9019\u796d\u53f8\u3001\u5148\u77e5\u548c\u541b\u738b\u7684\u7a31\u865f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u800c\u8a00\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u76ca\u8655<a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5728\u6551\u6069\u4e0a\u6709\u6839\u6709\u57fa\u4e26\u4f9d\u9760\u57fa\u7763\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u78ba\u7acb\u9019\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5929\u7236\u6240\u8ce6\u4e88\u57fa\u7763\uff08\u53d7\u818f\u8005\uff09\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u8077\u4efd\u2500\u2500\u5148\u77e5\u3001\u541b\u738b\u548c\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u8981\u660e\u767d\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u7528\u9014\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u6551\u6069\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u7576\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u5148\u77e5\u8077\u4efd\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u78ba\u5b9a\u8056\u9748\u818f\u8036\u7a4c\u662f\u8981\u5ba3\u63da\u5929\u7236\u7684\u6069\u5178\u4e26\u4f5c\u898b\u8b49\uff08\u8cfd61:1-2\uff09\uff1b\u57fa\u7763\u6240\u50b3\u63da\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6559\u7fa9\u7d42\u6b62\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u9810\u8a00\uff0c\u88ab\u9ad8\u8209\u8d85\u4e4e\u4e00\u5207\u5148\u77e5\uff08\u592a17:5\uff09<a href=\"#_ftn5\" id=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>\u3002\u800c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u554f\u7b54\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u2500\u300c<strong>\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u88ab\u7236\u795e\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u8056\u9748\u818f\u7acb\uff0c\u4f5c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u5148\u77e5\u548c\u6559\u5e2b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u5730\u5411\u6211\u5011\u555f\u793a\u6709\u95dc\u795e\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6551\u8d16\u7684\u5967\u79d8\u8a08\u5283\u548c\u610f\u65e8<\/strong>\u3002\u7cbe\u7c21\u627c\u8981\u7684\u6b78\u7d0d\u4e86\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u5c0d\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff1b\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u8ad6\u5230\u796d\u53f8\u8077\u4efd\u6642\uff0c\u8aaa\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u7d14\u6f54\u3001\u6beb\u7121\u73b7\u6c61\u7684\u4e2d\u4fdd\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u8056\u6f54\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u8207\u795e\u548c\u597d<a href=\"#_ftn6\" id=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>\uff0c\u4ed6\u796d\u53f8\u8077\u4efd\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u554f\u7b54\u4f5c\u4e86\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u300c<strong>\u4ed6\u53c8\u662f\u6211\u5011\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5927\u796d\u53f8\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u737b\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u800c\u6551\u8d16\u4e86\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4e14\u6c38\u9060\u6d3b\u8457\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5411\u795e\u4ee3\u6c42\u3002<\/strong>\u300d\u56e0\u4ed6\u662f\u9ea5\u57fa\u6d17\u5fb7\u7b49\u6b21\u7684\u5927\u796d\u53f8\u3001\u548c\u4ed6\u672c\u8eab\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u737b\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6d17\u6de8\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7f6a\u3001\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u6210\u8056\u4e26\u7372\u5f97\u795e\u7684\u6069\u5178\u3002\u56e0\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u6c42\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u656c\u8654\u4eba\u79b1\u544a\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u5e73\u5b89\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5766\u7136\u7121\u61fc\u4f86\u4f9d\u9760\u795e\u7684\u6190\u61ab\u3002\u6709\u95dc\u57fa\u7763\u541b\u738b\u7684\u8077\u4efd\uff0c\u52a0\u723e\u6587\u6709\u8f03\u9577\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6c38\u6046\u6027\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u541b\u738b\u7684\u8077\u4efd\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u798f\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u541b\u738b\u7684\u5c6c\u9748\u6027\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u800c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u8981\u7406\u554f\u7b54\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u91dd\u5c0d\u6551\u8d16\u7684\u61c9\u8a31\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e86\u7c21\u8981\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u300c<strong>\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u7684\u541b\u738b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u548c\u8056\u9748\u7ba1\u7406\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u53c8\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e26\u4fdd\u5b88\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4ed6\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u9810\u5099\u7684\u6551\u8d16\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong>\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u5bec\u95ca\u7684\u8b77\u6559<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521d\u4ee3\u6559\u6703\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\u6709\u8b77\u6559\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u6492\u4f2f\u6d41\uff08Sabellianism\uff09\u4e3b\u5f35\u8056\u7236\u3001\u8056\u5b50\u3001\u8056\u9748\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u795e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u986f\u793a\uff1b\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5225\u63d0\u5230\u300c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4fe1\u689d\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u67b6\u69cb\u53cd\u61c9\u4e09\u500b\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u4fe1\u7d93\u662f\u4ee5\u8056\u7236\uff0826-28\u554f\uff09\u3001\u8056\u5b50\uff0829-52\u554f\uff09\u3001\u8056\u9748\uff0853-58\u554f\uff09\u4e09\u500b\u4f4d\u683c\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u5927\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u5f9e\uff0825\u554f\u7b54\uff09\u4e2d\u7279\u5225\u88dc\u5145\u4f5c\u7cbe\u7c21\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\u300c<strong>\u56e0\u70ba\u795e\u5728\u7942\u8a71\u8a9e\u88e1\u9019\u6a23\u555f\u793a\u4e86\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u662f\u4e09\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u683c\u7368\u4e00\u3001\u771f\u5be6\u3001\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u795e\u3002<\/strong>\u300d\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u96e3\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u300d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7368\u7279\u3001\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u662f\u57fa\u8981\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\uff1f\u5176\u5be6\u7576\u6211\u5011\u6574\u5168\u7684\u8b80\u8056\u7d93\u6642\uff0c\u300c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u771f\u7406\u5c31\u6703\u5411\u4f60\u8fce\u9762\u8d70\u4f86<a href=\"#_ftn7\" id=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\uff0825\u554f\u7b54\uff09\u5c0d\u300c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u300d\u7c21\u6f54\u6709\u529b\u7684\u88dc\u5145\u6559\u5c0e\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u53cd\u61c9\u9019\u7a2e\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u99ac\u5409\u5b89\uff08Marcion,100-165\uff09\u5426\u5b9a\u57fa\u7763\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u548c\u5fa9\u6d3b\uff0c\u8afe\u65af\u5e95\u6d3e\uff08Gnosticism\uff09\u4e0d\u627f\u8a8d\u57fa\u7763\u6709\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4fe1\u7d93\u8aaa\u300c\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763&#8212;- \u56e0\u8056\u9748\u611f\u5b55\uff0c\u5f9e\u7ae5\u8c9e\u5973\u746a\u5229\u4e9e\u6240\u751f&#8212;&#8211; \u7b2c\u4e09\u5929\u5f9e\u6b7b\u88e1\u5fa9\u6d3b\u3002\u300d\u65e5\u5149\u4e0b\u6c92\u6709\u65b0\u4e8b\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u4e5f\u9810\u544a\u4e8618-19\u4e16\u7d00\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7684\u7570\u7aef\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u591a\u7d0d\u5f92\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Donatism\uff09\u4e0d\u63a5\u7d0d\u5927\u516c\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u7d93\u4e2d\u4ee5\u300c\u6211\u4fe1&#8212;-\u8056\u800c\u516c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u8056\u5f92\u76f8\u901a\u300d\u4f86\u56de\u61c9\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5c31\u5982\u8303\u7518\u9ea5\u502b\uff08VanGemeren\uff09\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u4f4d\u683c\u9593\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u8036\u7a4c\u795e\u6027\u3001\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u537b\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u7d93\u624d\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u8868\u9054<a href=\"#_ftn8\" id=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u7d04\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u51fa\u73fe\u6559\u7fa9\u6027\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff1b\u5728\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u554f\u7b54\u4f5c\u8a6e\u91cb\u6642\uff0c\u6ce8\u5165\u66f4\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u8b77\u6559\u4f86\u5206\u8fa6\u7570\u7aef\uff0c\u4f7f\u6559\u7fa9\u66f4\u5f62\u7a69\u56fa\uff1b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u8209\u5e7e\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\uff09\u9762\u5c0d\u4e9e\u6d41\uff08Arius,256-336\uff09\u4e3b\u5f35\u8056\u5b50\u70ba\u8056\u7236\u6240\u9020\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8207\u8056\u7236\u672c\u9ad4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u7684\u5728\u8a6e\u91cb\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u7368\u751f\u5b50\u300d\u6642\uff0833\u554f\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u60df\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u624d\u662f\u795e\u5728\u6c38\u6046\u4e2d\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u6709\u7684\u5152\u5b50\uff1b\u5728\u8a6e\u91cb\u300c\u56e0\u8056\u9748\u611f\u5b55\uff0c\u5f9e\u7ae5\u5973\u99ac\u5229\u4e9e\u6240\u751f\u300d\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf<strong>\u8056\u5b50\u662f\u795e\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u5152\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u771f\u795e\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\uff0825\u554f\uff09\u4e2d\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7236\u3001\u5b50\u3001\u8056\u9748\uff0c\u662f\u4e09\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u683c\u3001\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u3001\u771f\u5be6\u3001\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2\uff09\u9762\u5c0d\u6d85\u65af\u591a\u7559\uff08Nestorius,428-451\uff09\u6240\u5ba3\u7a31\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u4e0d\u55ae\u6709\u795e\u4eba\u4e8c\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u5177\u6709\u96d9\u91cd\u4f4d\u683c\u300d\uff1b\u7336\u63d0\u4e7e\uff08Eutyches,380-456\uff09\u4e3b\u5f35\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u683c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u6027\u300d\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u554f\u7b54\u6709\u95dc\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u5169\u6027\u4e00\u4f4d\u683c\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\uff0c\u5728\uff0825\u554f\uff09\u4e2d\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8056\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u683c\uff1b\u5728\uff0835\u554f\uff09\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u8056\u5b50\u662f\u795e\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u5152\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u771f\u795e\uff0c\u2500<strong>\u5f9e\u7ae5\u5973\u99ac\u5229\u4e9e\u53d6\u4e86\u4eba\u6027<\/strong>\uff1b\u5728\uff0846-49\u554f\uff09\u8a6e\u91cb\u300c\u5347\u5929\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u300c<strong>\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u771f\u795e\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u771f\u4eba<\/strong>\u300d\uff0847\u554f\uff09\uff1b\u800c\uff0848\u554f\uff09\u63d0\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u5169\u6027\u7684\u5408\u4e00\uff1a\u300c<strong>\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u795e\u6027\u53d6\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u986f\u5728\u4e16\u4eba\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u57fa\u7763\u795e\u6027\u4e00\u5b9a\u8d85\u8d8a\u57fa\u7763\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u540c\u6642\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u89aa\u81ea\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u806f\u5408\u3002<\/strong>\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3\uff09\u9762\u5c0d\u7f85\u99ac\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6240\u8a2d\u7acb\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u548c\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5728\u8a6e\u8b6f\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u8077\u4efd\u6642\uff0831\u554f\uff09\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u65e2\u662f\u88ab\u818f\u6700\u7d42\u6975\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5927\u77e5\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u555f\u793a\u4e4b\u5916\u53e6\u7acb\u4eba\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6559\u5b97\u7684\u8a71\u3001\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u6b0a\u5a01\uff1b\u57fa\u7763\u5927\u796d\u53f8\u3001\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7684\u737b\u796d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u737b\u4e0a\uff0c\u795d\u798f\u7684\u529f\u6548\u6c38\u9060\u7684\u6210\u5168\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5b9a\u7f6a\u5f4c\u6492\u91cd\u8986\u628a\u57fa\u7763\u737b\u4e0a\u7684\u60e1\u884c\u3002\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8a6e\u91cb\u300c\u8056\u800c\u516c\u4e4b\u6559\u6703\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7528\u7942\u7684\u8a71\u6240\u53ec\u805a\u7684\u6703\u773e\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u5728\u65bc\u8056\u8a00\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u8056\u9ad4<a href=\"#_ftn9\" id=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0854\u554f\u7b54\uff09\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300c\u8056\u800c\u516c\u4e4b\u6559\u6703\u300d\u5426\u6c7a\u9019\u7a2e\u5f4c\u6492\u4e2d\u300c\u8b8a\u8cea\u8aaa\u300d\u7684\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff1b\u5f37\u8abf\u8056\u9748\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5fc5\u9808\uff0c\u8056\u9748\u85c9\u8457\u795e\u7684\u8a71\u53ec\u805a\u5728\u6c38\u6046\u4e2d\u795e\u6240\u63c0\u9078\u7684\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8b77\u885b\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u771f\u4fe1\u5fc3\u806f\u5408\u7684\u9078\u6c11\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5f97\u8457\u6c38\u751f\uff0854\u554f\u7b54\uff09\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\uff0830\u554f\u7b54\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u8056\u5f92\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u5c0b\u6c42\u6551\u6069\u798f\u7949\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u800c\uff0818\u554f\u7b54\uff09\u78ba\u5b9a\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e2d\u4fdd\uff1b\uff0829\u554f\u7b54\uff09\u5f37\u8abf\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5f9e\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5c0b\u6c42\u62ef\u6551\uff1b\uff0834\u554f\u7b54\uff09\u63d0\u5230\u6211\u5011\u662f\u6191\u8457\u4e3b\u8036\u7a4c\u5bf6\u8840\u6240\u8cb7\u8d16\u800c\u6b78\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e3b\uff1b\uff0840\u554f\u7b54\uff09\u8ad6\u53ca\u9664\u4e86\u795e\u5152\u5b50\u53d7\u6b7b\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u5225\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u88dc\u8d16\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7f6a\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u7b54\u5145\u5206\u8868\u660e\u4e3b\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e2d\u4fdd\u548c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6551\u8d16\u4e3b\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u662f\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684<a href=\"#_ftn10\" id=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4\uff09 \u9762\u5c0d\u5f71\u97ff18-9\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8ad6\u300d\uff08Deism\uff09\uff0c\u5728\uff0826\u554f\uff09\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5927\u7bc7\u5e45\u7684\u5728\uff0827-28\u554f\u7b54\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u9023\u5e36\u63d0\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8b77\u7406\u904d\u4f48\u842c\u6709\u548c\u5de8\u7d30\u7121\u907a\uff01\u9810\u5148\u63ed\u9732\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u8ad6\u300d\uff08Deism\uff09\u4e4b\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7d50\u8a9e\uff1a<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7576\u6211\u5011\u56de\u5230\u8d77\u521d\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u8981\u7406\u554f\u7b54\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u9078\u4faf\u8153\u52d2\u5fb7\u70c8\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Frederick III ,1515-1576\uff09\u5f37\u8abf\u9019\u662f\u300c<strong>\u795e\u8056\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u55ae\u7d14\u548c\u524d\u5f8c\u4e00\u8cab\u4e4b\u6559\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5728\u65bc\u5c0d\u795e\u6b63\u78ba\u548c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58<\/strong>\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u554f\u7b54\u662f\u7d66\u5e74\u9752\u4eba\uff08\u5152\u7ae5\uff09\u548c\u6559\u6703\u7684\u8b1b\u53f0\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u6e96\u5247\uff1b\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8981\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9810\u5099\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u5f9e\u8d77\u521d\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u8f44\u5340\u5df4\u52d2\u63d0\u62ff\u63d0\uff08Palatinate\uff09\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6a19\u6e96\uff1b\u4ed6\u523b\u610f\u907f\u958b\u4efb\u4f55\u795e\u5b78\u7684\u6a19\u7c64\uff0c\u8981\u5c0b\u6c42\u6559\u7fa9\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u4f86\u81f3\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u6559\u5c0e<a id=\"_ftnref11\" href=\"#_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\uff0c\u76fc\u671b\u6210\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u3002\u5f9e\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\u7684\u554f\u7b54\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6703\u5982\u4f55\u8a6e\u91cb\u4fe1\u7d93\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6539\u6559\u5bb6\u7684\u5c6c\u9748\u6d1e\u898b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u9055\u53cd\u4fe1\u7d93\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u539f\u610f\uff0c\u66f4\u6ce8\u5165\u4e00\u80a1\u5c6c\u9748\u7684\u6d3b\u6c34\uff0c\u4f7f\u4fe1\u7d93\u66f4\u56de\u5230\u8056\u7d93\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff1b\u5e36\u4f86\u66f4\u771f\u78ba\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4f5c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u56de\u5230\u798f\u97f3\u7684\u61c9\u8a31\uff08\u795e\u7684\u8a71\uff09\u548c\u8056\u9748\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u771f\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u4fe1\u5fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u56de\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u9818\u53d7\u90a3\u5275\u59cb\u6210\u7d42\u8005\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u548c\u795d\u798f\u3002\u6b64\u7b54\u554f\u6709\u66f4\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u53d7\u818f\u8005\u4e09\u91cd\u8077\u4efd\uff0c\u5e36\u9818\u4eba\u812b\u96e2\u5c0d\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u300d\u7a31\u865f\u53ea\u6709\u8868\u9762\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff1b\u5c0d\u57fa\u7763\uff08\u53d7\u818f\u8005\uff09\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u3001\u796d\u53f8\u548c\u541b\u738b\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u548c\u4fe1\u9760\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u932f\u8b2c\u3001\u7f6a\u60e1\u548c\u6346\u7d81\u4e2d\u88ab\u91cb\u653e\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u7406\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e2d\u9806\u670d\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u738b\u6b0a\u4f86\u904e\u656c\u8654\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u591a\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u6703\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5c64\u51fa\u4e0d\u7aae\u7570\u7aef\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u554f\u7b54\u6709\u66f4\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u5e36\u51fa\u66f4\u5bec\u95ca\u7684\u8b77\u6559\uff0c\u4f7f\u4fe1\u7d93\u5728\u5c0d\u4ed8\u7570\u7aef\u4e0a\u66f4\u6709\u529f\u6548\u7684\u904b\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fe1\u689d\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u6839\u64da\u8056\u7d93\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u6642\u4e5f\u8981\u6b78\u56de\u8056\u7d93\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6539\u6559\u5bb6\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u554f\u7b54\u6240\u7a81\u986f\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6240\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u3002\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u8981\u7406\u554f\u7b54\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u722d\u8faf\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u5484\u5484\u903c\u4eba\u4e4b\u611f\uff0c\u8a9e\u6c23\u5341\u5206\u7684\u6eab\u548c\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5b89\u6170\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u5be6\u969b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u9700\u6c42<a href=\"#_ftn12\" id=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>\uff0c\u7121\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\u53d7\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7684\u6559\u6703\u666e\u904d\u7684\u53d7\u559c\u611b\u3002\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6df7\u96dc\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u8981\u7406\u554f\u7b54\u5c0d\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u9019\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u5c6c\u9748\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u6559\u6703\u754c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u9078\u4faf\u8153\u52d2\u5fb7\u70c8\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Frederick III ,1515-1576\uff09\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u9019\u662f\u300c\u795e\u8056\u7684\u798f\u97f3\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u55ae\u7d14\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u6559\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u6559\u6703\u5e74\u9752\u4eba\u548c\u8b1b\u53f0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u6551\u6069\u8ad6\u7684\u6e96\u5247\u548c\u7db1\u8981\uff0c\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u9019\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5178\u7bc4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u6b77\u4ee3\u6559\u6703\u4fe1\u689d\u7cbe\u9078 \u8d99\u4e2d\u8f1d\u7b49 \u8b6f&nbsp; \u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7ffb\u8b6f\u793e\u51fa\u7248&nbsp; 2002\u5e74\u4fee\u8a02\u4e00\u7248&nbsp; P 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u52a0\u723e\u6587 \u300c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9 \u4e0a\u518a\u300d&nbsp; \u9322\u66dc\u8aa0 \u8b6f&nbsp; \u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e97(\u7c21\u9ad4\u5b57\u7248\u5927\u9678\u767c\u884c)&nbsp; P512<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u694a\u7267\u8c37\u300c\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\u65b0\u91cb\u300d \u66f4\u65b0\u8cc7\u6e90\u51fa\u7248&nbsp; 2009\u5e7410\u6708\u521d\u7248 &nbsp;P71<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp; \u52a0\u723e\u6587&nbsp; \u300c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8981\u7fa9 \u4e0a\u518a\u300d&nbsp; \u9322\u66dc\u8aa0 \u8b6f&nbsp; \u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e97(\u7c21\u9ad4\u5b57\u7248\u5927\u9678\u767c\u884c)&nbsp; P511<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u540c\u8a3b\u4e0a&nbsp; P480<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u540c\u8a3b\u4e0a&nbsp; P486<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u7b2c\u4e09\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u6559\u6750 \u300c\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\u8ab2\u7a0b\u300d \u7b2c\u4e00\u8ab2\uff1a\u4fe1\u689d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u8303\u7518\u9ea5\u502b(VanGemeren)\u300c\u6551\u8d16\u6b77\u53f2\u300d\u83ef\u795e\u51fa\u7248&nbsp; 1998\u5e7412\u6708\u4e8c\u5237&nbsp; p534<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u300c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8981\u7406\u300d&nbsp; \u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u52d9\u5354\u9032\u6703(\u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5340\u4e3b\u6559\u5718) \u51fa\u7248 2009\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u56db\u7248&nbsp; p186<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Lyle D. Bierma, with others, <em>An Introduction to the Heidelberg Catechism: Sources, History, and Theology<\/em> (Baker, 2005)&nbsp; P79<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Lyle D. Bierma, with others, <em>An Introduction to the Heidelberg Catechism: Sources, History, and Theology<\/em> (Baker, 2005)&nbsp; P51-52<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" id=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u6b77\u4ee3\u6559\u6703\u4fe1\u689d\u7cbe\u9078 \u8d99\u4e2d\u8f1d\u7b49 \u8b6f&nbsp; \u6539\u9769\u5b97\u7ffb\u8b6f\u793e\u51fa\u7248&nbsp; 2002\u5e74\u4fee\u8a02\u4e00\u7248&nbsp; P11<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/crts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/\u738b\u958b\u4eae\u8001\u5e2bCRTS-214x300-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10971\" style=\"width:342px;height:512px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/crts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/\u738b\u958b\u4eae\u8001\u5e2bCRTS-214x300-1.jpg 214w, https:\/\/crts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/\u738b\u958b\u4eae\u8001\u5e2bCRTS-214x300-1-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background\">\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005<strong>\u738b\u958b\u4eae\u7267\u5e2b\uff08Rev. Brian Wang\uff09\u2500<\/strong>\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u5f70\u5316\u5e02\uff0c1988\u5e74\u4fe1\u4e3b\uff0c1994\u5e74\u8499\u53ec\u5168\u8077\u4e8b\u5949\uff0c2003\u5e74\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u9053\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u7562\u696d\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5ba3\u6559\u6a5f\u69cb\u670d\u4e8b\uff1b2010\u5e74\u6309\u7acb\u70ba\u5ba3\u6559\u7267\u5e2b\uff0c2022\u5e74\u672c\u6821\u795e\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u7562\u696d\uff0c2021\u5e74\u8d77\u517c\u4efb\u672c\u6821\u5927\u5b78\u90e8\u7dda\u4e0a\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8ca0\u8cac\u7267\u5e2b\u66a8\u8b1b\u5e2b\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u8207\u5e2b\u6bcd\u5433\u7f8e\u83ef\u80b2\u4e00\u5b50\uff08\u738b\u61f7\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u203b<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#415b66\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u300a<\/mark><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/crts-2023summer\">\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u8a0a\uff0d2023 \u590f\u5b63\u520a<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#415b66\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u300b\u7576\u4e2d\u300c\u4e3b\u984c\u6587\u7ae0\u300d\uff0c\u6b61\u8fce\u5229\u7528\u96fb\u90f5\uff08crts@crts.edu\uff09\u4f86\u4fe1\u7d22\u53d6\u7d19\u672c\uff08\u50c5\u9650\u53f0\u7063\u5730\u5340\uff09\u3002\u60a8\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u767b\u8a18\u8a02\u95b1\u96fb\u5b50\u7248\uff08PDF\uff09\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/l.facebook.com\/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fforms.gle%2FWUZftUBT1QqP6PBp9%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3CEKvHUalS3XglJFBFZplS7FztDwCUPAbYUEMikuqrGrCOT2UoNebpEyw&amp;h=AT0UxEGhCaBI7U59Nv-mlgqZBsnrsrNqLpBN5apzd5KldkDagvH9RMhA93APeZ7mN0y1wGPcStO0ddgy8Ln5A7VozRMGpB_dTWeEQKurQ4JMuz1PEGV0wcx6kum7tlIUYBmJ5t1a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/forms.gle\/WUZftUBT1QqP6PBp9<\/a>\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5b97\u795e\u5b78\u9662\u8b1d\u8b1d\u60a8\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff01<\/mark><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tmnf_excerpt\"><p>\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6df7\u96dc\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u8981\u7406\u554f\u7b54\u5c0d\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fe1\u7d93\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u9019\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u5c6c\u9748\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u6559\u6703\u754c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u63a8\u5ee3<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10969,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-post"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/crts.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Heidelberger_Katechismus_1563.jpg","author_info":{"display_name":"Irene Lin","author_link":"https:\/\/crts.edu\/en\/author\/irene-lin\/"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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